Simen faktri dɛn lɛk di wan we dɛn sho ya na wan men tin we kin mek dɛn gɛt kabon dayɔgzayd we kin mek di klaymat wam. Bɔt sɔm pan dɛn dɔti tin ya kin chenj to nyu kayn fiul. Yu kin kip dis sɔl fayn fayn wan fɔ bɔku bɔku ia ɔ pas dat.
Dis na ɔda stori insay wan siriɔs wan we de luk pan nyu teknɔlɔji ɛn akshɔn dɛm we kin slo klaymɛt chenj, ridyus di impak dɛm we i kin gɛt, ɔ ɛp di kɔmyuniti dɛm fɔ bia wit di wɔl we de chenj kwik kwik wan.
Aktiviti dɛm we de pul kabon dayɔgzayd (CO2), we na wan kɔmɔn grɛnhɔus gas, de ɛp fɔ mek di wɔl wam. Di aidia fɔ pul CO2 frɔm di briz ɛn kip am nɔto nyu tin. Bɔt i nɔ kin izi fɔ du am, mɔ we pipul dɛn ebul fɔ bay am. Wan nyu sistɛm de sɔlv di prɔblɛm we de wit CO2 pɔyushɔn insay wan difrɛn we smɔl. I de yuz kemikal fɔ chenj di gas we de mek di klaymat wam to fiul.
Na Novɛmba 15, sɔm pipul dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt dis na di Masachusɛt Instityut fɔ Tɛknɔlɔji (MIT) na Kembrij bin pul dɛn nyu tin dɛn we dɛn dɔn fɛn insay wan magazin we dɛn kɔl Cell Reports Physical Science.
Dɛn nyu sistɛm gɛt tu pat. Di fɔs pat na fɔ chenj di kabon dayɔgzayd we de na di ays to wan mɔlyul we dɛn kɔl fɔmat fɔ mek fiul. Lɛk kabɔn dayɔgzayd, fɔmat gɛt wan kabɔn atɔm ɛn tu ɔksijɛn atɔm, ɛn wan haydrojɛn atɔm. Fɔmat gɛt sɔm ɔda tin dɛn bak. Di nyu stɔdi bin yuz fɔmat sɔl, we dɛn kin pul frɔm sɔdiɔm ɔ potashɔm.
Bɔku pan di fiul sɛl dɛn de wok wit haydrojɛn, we na gas we kin bɔn we nid paip ɛn tank dɛn we gɛt prɛshɔ fɔ transpɔt. Bɔt fiul sɛl dɛn kin rɔn bak pan fɔmat. Fɔmat gɛt ɛnaji we dɛn kin kɔmpia to haydrojɛn, jɔs lɛk aw Li Ju, we na wan sayɛnsman we de stɔdi bɔt matirial dɛn we bin de bifo fɔ mek di nyu sistɛm, bin tɔk. Fɔmat gɛt sɔm bɛnifit dɛn pas haydrojɛn, Li Ju bin notis. I sef ɛn i nɔ nid fɔ kip am wit ay prɛshɔn.
Risach pipul dɛn na MIT bin mek wan fiul sɛl fɔ tɛst fɔmat, we dɛn kin mek wit kabon dayɔgzayd. Fɔs, dɛn miks di sɔl wit wata. Dɔn dɛn bin de put di miksɔp insay wan fiul sɛl. Insay di fiul sɛl, di fɔmat bin de pul ilɛktron dɛn insay wan kemikal riakshɔn. Dɛn ilɛktron dɛn ya bin de flɔ frɔm di nɛgitiv ilɛktrɔd na di fiul sɛl to di pɔzitiv ilɛktrɔd, ɛn dis bin de kɔmplit wan ilɛktrik sɔrkwit. Dɛn ilɛktron dɛn ya we de flɔ—we na ilɛktrik kɔrɛnt—bin de fɔ 200 awa we dɛn bin de du di ɛkspiriɛns.
Zhen Zhang, we na matirial sayɛnsman we de wok wit Li na MIT, gɛt op se in tim go ebul fɔ skel di nyu teknɔlɔji insay tɛn ia.
Di MIT risach tim bin yuz wan kemikal we fɔ chenj kabon dayɔgzayd to wan impɔtant tin fɔ mek fiul. Fɔs, dɛn bin put am na wan sɔl we gɛt bɔku alkaline. Dɛn bin pik sɔdiɔm haydroksayd (NaOH), we dɛn kin kɔl lay. dis kin mek wan kεmikכl riakshכn we de mek sכdiכm baykabכnayt (NaHCO3), we dεn kכl bεk soda.
Dɔn dɛn tɔn di pawa. di ilektrikal kכrant trigεr wan nyu kεmikכl riakshכn we split εvri כksijεn atכm na di baking soda mכlekyul, lεf bihayn sכdiכm fכmat (NaCHO2). Dɛn sistɛm bin chenj klos to ɔl di kabɔn we de insay CO2 — pas 96 pasɛnt — to dis sɔl.
di enεji we dεn nid fכ pul di כksijεn de stכr insay di kεmikכl bכnd dεm fכ fכmat. Prɔfɛsɔ Li bin tɔk se fɔmat kin kip dis ɛnaji fɔ bɔku bɔku ia ɛn nɔ lɔs di ɛnaji we i kin gɛt. Dɔn i kin mek ilɛktrishɔn we i pas na fiul sɛl. If di ilɛktrishɔn we dɛn yuz fɔ mek fɔmat kɔmɔt frɔm solar, briz ɔ haydroɛlektrik pawa, di ilɛktrishɔn we di fiul sɛl de mek go bi klin ɛnaji sɔs.
Fɔ mek di nyu teknɔlɔji go bifo, Li bin tɔk se, “wi nid fɔ fɛn bɔku bɔku tin dɛn we gɛt lay.” I bin stɔdi wan kayn rɔk we dɛn kɔl alkali basalt (AL-kuh-lye buh-SALT). We dɛn miks dɛn rɔk ya wit wata, dɛn kin tɔn to lay.
Farzan Kazemifar na injinia na San Jos Stet Yunivasiti na Kalifonia. In risach de tɔk mɔ bɔt aw fɔ kip di kabon dayɔgzayd na say dɛn we gɛt sɔl we de ɔnda grɔn. I se fɔ pul di kabon dayɔgzayd na di ays dɔn at ɔltɛm ɛn dat mek i dia. So i profit fɔ kɔnvɔyt CO2 to yuzable prodak lɛk fɔmat. Di kɔst fɔ di prɔdak kin ɔfset di kɔst fɔ prodakshɔn.
Bɔku risach dɔn de fɔ kech di kabon dayɔgzayd we de kɔmɔt na di ays. Fɔ ɛgzampul, i nɔ tu te yet we wan tim we gɛt sayɛnsman dɛn na Lihay Yunivasiti bin tɔk bɔt wan ɔda we fɔ filta di kabon dayɔgzayd we de na di briz ɛn chenj am to baking soda. Ɔda risach grup dɛn de kip CO2 insay spɛshal rɔk dɛn, ɛn dɛn de chenj am to sɔlid kabɔn we dɛn kin prosɛs to ɛtɛnol, we na alkol fiul. Bɔku pan dɛn prɔjek ya na smɔl smɔl tin dɛn ɛn dɛn nɔ gɛt ɛni impɔtant impak yet fɔ ridyus di ay levul fɔ kabon dayɔgzayd na di ays.
Dis pikchɔ de sho wan os we de yuz kabon dayɔgzayd. Di tin we dɛn sho ya de chenj di kabon dayɔgzayd (di mɔlyul dɛn we de na di rɛd ɛn wayt bɔbul dɛn) to sɔl we dɛn kɔl fɔmat (di blu, rɛd, wayt, ɛn blak bɔbul dɛn). Dɔn dɛn kin yuz dis sɔl na fiul sɛl fɔ mek ilɛktrishɔn.
Kazemifar bin se di bɛst tin we wi go du na fɔ “kɔt di gas dɛn we de mek di wɔl wam fɔs.” Wan we fɔ du dat na fɔ riples fɔshal fiul wit rinuɔbal ɛnaji sɔs lɛk briz ɔ solar. Dis na pat pan wan chenj we sayɛnsman dɛn kɔl “dikabɔnayzeshɔn.” Bɔt i ad se fɔ stɔp klaymat chenj go nid fɔ gɛt bɔku tin dɛn fɔ du. Dis nyu teknɔlɔji nid fɔ kech kabon na say dɛn we at fɔ pul kabon, i tɔk. Tek stɛl mil ɛn siment faktri, fɔ nem tu ɛgzampul dɛn.
Di MIT tim de si bɛnifit dɛn bak we dɛn jɔyn dɛn nyu teknɔlɔji wit solar ɛn wind pawa. Dɛn mek tradishɔnal batri dɛn fɔ kip ɛnaji fɔ sɔm wiks wan tɛm. Fɔ kip di sɔmda san layt insay di winta ɔ fɔ lɔng tɛm, yu nid fɔ du difrɛn we. “Wit fɔmat fiul,” Lee se, yu nɔ de limited to ivin sizin stɔrɔj ​​igen. “I kin bi jɛnɛreshɔn.”
I nɔ go spak lɛk gold, bɔt “A kin lɛf 200 tan... fɔmat to mi bɔy pikin ɛn gyal pikin dɛn,” Li se, “as ɛritaj.”
Alkaline: Na adjektif we de tɔk bɔt kemikal we de mek haydroksayd ayɔn (OH-) insay sɔlvushɔn. dεn kכl dεn sכlushכn dεm ya bak alkaline (as opכsite asid) εn dεn gεt pH pas 7.
Aquifer: Na rɔk we ebul fɔ ol wata we de ɔnda grɔn. Di wɔd de aplay bak to sɔbsafayz bɛsin dɛn.
Basalt: Na blak volkeno rɔk we kin rili dense (lɛs volkeno bɔn lɛf big poket gas insay).
bond: (insay kemistri) na sεmi-pεrmanεnt kכnεkshכn bitwin atכm dεm (כ grup dεm fכ atכm dεm) insay mכlikul. I de fɔm bay atraktiv fɔs bitwin di atɔm dɛn we de tek pat. We dɛn dɔn mek bɔnd dɛn, di atɔm dɛn kin wok lɛk wan yunit. Fɔ separet di atɔm dɛn we de mek am, dɛn fɔ gi ɛnaji we tan lɛk ɔt ɔ ɔda raytin to di mɔlyul dɛn.
Kabɔn: Na kemikal ɛlimɛnt we na di fizik baysis fɔ ɔl layf na di wɔl. Kabon de fri wan insay di fɔm fɔ grafayt ɛn dayamɔn. Na impɔtant tin we de insay kol, laymston, ɛn petrolium, ɛn i ebul fɔ jɔyn insɛf wit kemikal fɔ mek bɔku difrɛn mɔlyul dɛn we gɛt kemikal, bayolojikal, ɛn kɔmɛshɔn valyu. (Insay klaymat risach) Sɔntɛnde dɛn kin yuz di wɔd kabɔn klos wan wit kabon dayɔgzayd fɔ tɔk bɔt di impak we akshɔn, prɔdak, polisi, ɔ prɔses kin gɛt pan di wam we di atmosfɛs kin wam fɔ lɔng tɛm.
Kabon dayɔgzayd: (ɔ CO2) na gas we nɔ gɛt kɔlɔ, we nɔ gɛt smel we ɔl animal dɛn kin mek we di ɔksijɛn we dɛn de blo de riak wit di it we gɛt bɔku kabɔn we dɛn de it. Kabon dayɔgzayd kin kɔmɔt bak we dɛn bɔn ɔrganik tin dɛn lɛk fɔshal fiul lɛk ɔyl ɔ nɛtrɔl gas. Kabon dayɔgzayd na wan gas we de mek di wɔl wam ɛn we de trap di wam we de na di wɔl. Plant dɛn kin chenj di kabon dayɔgzayd to ɔksijɛn tru fotosintesis ɛn dɛn kin yuz dis prɔses fɔ mek dɛn yon it.
Simen: Na tin we dɛn kin yuz fɔ tay tu tin dɛn togɛda, we kin mek i at ɛn tɔn to sɔlid, ɔ na tik tik glu we dɛn kin yuz fɔ ol tu tin dɛn togɛda. (Kɔnstrɔkshɔn) Na fayn grɔn tin we dɛn kin yuz fɔ tay san ɔ rɔk we dɛn dɔn krɔs togɛda fɔ mek kɔnkrit. Bɔku tɛm, dɛn kin mek simen as paoda. Bɔt we i wet, i kin tɔn to dɔti slɔri we kin at we i dray.
Kεmikכl: Na tin we mek wit tu כ mכr atכm dεm we kכmbayn (bכnd) insay wan fiks prכpכshכn εn strכkchכ. Fɔ ɛgzampul, wata na kemikal tin we dɛn mek wit tu haydrojɛn atɔm dɛn we gɛt tayt padi biznɛs wit wan ɔksijɛn atɔm. I kemikal fɔmula na H2O. “Kεmikכl” kin yus bak as adjektif fכ dεskrεb di prכpati dεm fכ wan sכbstans we de kכmכt frכm difrεn riakshכn bitwin difrεn kכmpawnd dεm.
Kεmikכl bכnd: Na fכs we de atrak bitwin atכm dεm we strכng fכ mek di bכnd εlimεnt dεm fכ wok lεk wan yunit. Sɔm atrakshɔn dɛn wik, ɔda wan dɛn strɔng. I tan lɛk se ɔl di bɔnd dɛn de kɔnɛkt atɔm dɛn bay we dɛn de sheb (ɔ tray fɔ sheb) ilɛktron dɛn.
Kεmikכl riakshכn: na prכsεs we involv fכ riarenj di mכlikul dεm כ strכkchכ dεm fכ wan sכbstans pas fכ chenj in fכs fכm (εgz., frכm sכlid to gas).
Kεmεstri: di branch כf sayns we de stכdi di kכmכshכn, strכkchכ, prכpati, εn intarakshכn fכ sכbstans dεm. Sayɛnsman dɛn kin yuz dis no fɔ stɔdi tin dɛn we dɛn nɔ no, fɔ mek tin dɛn we go ɛp dɛn bɔku bɔku wan, ɔ fɔ disayn ɛn mek nyu tin dɛn we go ɛp dɛn. (of chemical compounds) Kεmεstri de tכk bכt bak di fכmula fכ wan kכmpawnd, di we aw dεn de pripia am, כ sכm pan in prכpati dεm. Dɛn kɔl pipul dɛn we de wok na dis wok kemist. (insay di soshal sayɛns) di ebul we pipul dɛn ebul fɔ wok togɛda, fɔ gɛt wanwɔd, ɛn ɛnjɔy fɔ de wit dɛnsɛf.
Klaymɛt chenj: Na big chenj we kin apin fɔ lɔng tɛm na di wɔl in klaymat. Dis kin apin bay insɛf ɔ bikɔs mɔtalman de du tin, lɛk fɔ bɔn fɔshal fiul ɛn fɔ klin fɔrɛst.
Dikabɔnayzeshɔn: de tɔk bɔt di chenj we dɛn want fɔ chenj frɔm di tɛknɔlɔji dɛn we de pwɛl di wɔl, di tin dɛn we dɛn de du, ɛn di tin dɛn we dɛn de yuz fɔ mek ɛnaji we de pul di gas dɛn we gɛt kabɔn, lɛk kabon dayɔgzayd ɛn mitin, na di atmosfɛs. Di gol na fɔ ridyus di bɔku bɔku gas dɛn we de mek di klaymat chenj.
Ilɛktrishɔn: Na di flɔ we ilɛktrik chaj de flɔ, bɔku tɛm i kin kɔmɔt frɔm di muvmɛnt we di patikyula dɛn we gɛt nɛgitiv chaj we dɛn kɔl ɛliktrɔn de muv.
Ilɛktrɔn: na patikyula chaj we gɛt nɛgitiv chaj we kin de rawnd di ɔda pat na di atɔm; na in bak de kɛr ilɛktrishɔn insay sɔlid dɛn.
Ɛnjinia: Na pɔsin we de yuz sayɛns ɛn matematiks fɔ sɔlv prɔblɛm. We dɛn yuz di wɔd injinia as verb, i min fɔ disayn wan divays, matirial, ɔ prɔses fɔ sɔlv prɔblɛm ɔ nid we dɛn nɔ mit.
Ethanol: Na alkol, we dɛn kin kɔl bak ethyl alcohol, we na di men tin we dɛn kin yuz fɔ drink rɔm lɛk bia, wayn, ɛn spirit. Dɛn kin yuz am bak as sɔlvɛnt ɛn fiul (fɔ ɛgzampul, bɔku tɛm dɛn kin miks am wit petrol).
Filta: (n.) Sɔntin we de mek sɔm tin dɛn pas ɛn ɔda wan dɛn pas, i dipen pan dɛn saiz ɔ ɔda kwaliti dɛn. (v.) Di prɔses fɔ pik sɔm tin dɛn bay di prɔpati dɛn lɛk saiz, dɛnsiti, chaj, ɛn ɔda tin dɛn (insay fizik) Wan skrin, plet, ɔ layt pan sɔntin we de absɔb layt ɔ ɔda raytin ɔ we de pik sɔm pan in kɔmpɔnɛnt dɛn fɔ pas.
Fכmat: Na jεnarכl tεm fכ sכlt כ εsta fכ fכmik asid, we na כksidayz fכm fכ fεt asid. (Ɛsta na kɔmpawnd we gɛt kabɔn we dɛn mek bay we dɛn de riples di haydrojɛn atɔm dɛn na sɔm asid dɛn wit sɔm kayn ɔrganik grup dɛn. Bɔku fat ɛn ɛssential ɔyl dɛn na ɛsta dɛn we de na di wɔl we gɛt fat asid.)
Fɔshal fiul: Ɛni fiul, lɛk kol, petrolium (krud ɔyl), ɔ nɛtrɔl gas, we dɛn mek fɔ lɔng lɔng tɛm insay di wɔl frɔm di bɔdi we gɛt baktri, plant, ɔ animal dɛn we dɔn rɔtin.
Fiul: Ɛni tin we de pul ɛnaji tru kemikal ɔ nyuklia riakshɔn we dɛn kin kɔntrol. Fɔshal fiul (kol, nɛtrɔl gas, ɛn ɔyl) na kɔmɔn fiul dɛn we de pul ɛnaji tru kemikal riakshɔn we dɛn ɔt (bɔku tɛm te i bɔn).
Fiul sɛl: Na tin we de chenj kemikal ɛnaji to ilɛktrik ɛnaji. Di fiul we dɛn kin yuz mɔ na haydrojɛn, ɛn di wangren tin we kin kɔmɔt frɔm am na wata we de mek wata.
Jioloji: Na adjektif we de tɔk bɔt ɔltin we gɛt fɔ du wit di we aw di wɔl tan, di tin dɛn we i de yuz, istri, ɛn di tin dɛn we de apin pan am. Dɛn kɔl pipul dɛn we de wok na dis wok, pipul dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt di wɔl.
Globɛl wam: Di ɔl tɛmpracha na di wɔl in atmosfɛs de go ɔp smɔl smɔl bikɔs ɔf di grɛnhɔus ifɛkt. Di tin we kin apin kin apin we di kabon dayɔgzayd, klorofluorokabɔn, ɛn ɔda gas dɛn we de na di ays de bɔku, ɛn bɔku pan dɛn gas ya kin kɔmɔt frɔm di tin dɛn we mɔtalman de du.
Haydrojen: Na di tin we layt pas ɔl na di yunivas. As gas, i nɔ gɛt kɔlɔ, i nɔ gɛt smel, ɛn i kin bɔn bad bad wan. Na wan pat pan bɔku fiul, fat, ɛn di kemikal dɛn we de mek di tisu we gɛt layf. I gɛt wan protɔn (di nyukliɔs) ɛn wan ilɛktron we de rawnd am.
Inovashɔn: (v. fɔ mek nyu tin; adj. fɔ mek nyu tin) Na ajɔstmɛnt ɔ impɔtant to wan aydia, prɔses, ɔ prɔdak we dɔn de fɔ mek i nyu, smat, wok fayn, ɔ yusful.
Lay: Di jenɛral nem fɔ sɔdiɔm haydroksayd (NaOH) sɔlvushɔn. Bɔku tɛm dɛn kin miks lay wit vɛjitebul ɔyl ɔ animal fat ɛn ɔda tin dɛn fɔ mek ba sop.
Materials scientist: Na risachman we de stɔdi di rilayshɔn bitwin di atɔmik ɛn mɔlikul strɔkchɔ na wan matirial ɛn in ɔl prɔpati dɛm. Sayɛnsman dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt tin dɛn kin mek nyu tin dɛn ɔ stɔdi di wan dɛn we dɔn de. We yu analayz di ɔl prɔpati dɛn we wan matirial gɛt, lɛk di density, strength, ɛn melting point, dat kin ɛp injinia ɛn ɔda risach pipul dɛn fɔ pik di bɛst matirial fɔ nyu aplikeshɔn dɛn.
Mɔlikul: Na grup we gɛt ilɛktrik nyutral atɔm dɛn we de sho di smɔl smɔl tin we pɔsin kin gɛt pan wan kemikal kɔmpawnd. Mɔlikul dɛn kin mek wit wan kayn atɔm ɔ difrɛn kayn atɔm dɛn. Fɔ ɛgzampul, di ɔksijɛn we de na di ays gɛt tu ɔksijɛn atɔm dɛn (O2), ɛn wata gɛt tu haydrojɛn atɔm dɛn ɛn wan ɔksijɛn atɔm dɛn (H2O).
Pɔlyushɔn: Na sɔntin we de dɔti sɔntin lɛk di briz, wata, pipul dɛn, ɔ it. Sɔm tin dɛn we de dɔti na kemikal, lɛk peshɛnt sayd. Ɔda tin dɛn we kin pwɛl di wɔl kin bi raytin, lɛk fɔ wam pasmak ɔ layt. Ivin gras ɛn ɔda invayv spisis dɛn kin tek am se na wan we fɔ biofouling.
Potent: Na adjektif we de tɔk bɔt sɔntin we rili strɔng ɔ pawaful (lɛk jem, pɔyzin, mɛrɛsin, ɔ asid).
Rinuɔbal: Na adjektif we de tɔk bɔt sɔntin we dɛn kin chenj fɔ lɔng tɛm (lɛk wata, grɔn plant, san layt, ɛn briz). Dis difrɛn frɔm di tin dɛn we nɔ de rinuɔbal, we gɛt smɔl sapɔt ɛn we kin dɔn fayn fayn wan. Risos dɛm we nɔ de rinuɔbal inklud ɔyl (ɛn ɔda fɔshal fiul dɛm) ɔ ɛlimɛnt ɛn minral dɛm we nɔ bɔku.